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PHI FPX 3200 Assessment 1 Matrix of Ethical Theories CM
Ethical Theory Matrix
Theory | Decision Criteria | Your Own Example | Strengths | Weaknesses |
Utilitarianism | Decisions are made solely on the basis of their consequences. All actions are right as long as it promotes happiness. | It is ok to ‘sugar coat’ the truth as long as it makes people happy. ie: being dishonest about a terminal diagnosis as long as it makes the patient feel better. | This theory is based on happiness. Everyone will like you if you can make them happy and keep them happy. | This theory is based on happiness but happiness can be temporary if you have to lie to keep people happy. |
Kantian Ethics | The moral character of an action depends on the principle behind it not on the consequences of it. | It is never ok to lie! Always being honest no matter the consequences. Ie: telling a patient that their disease is not curable or that they are dying. | You will gain the respect of some by always being honest, sometime brutally honest. | People’s feelings can get hurt when they are told the truth. Some relationships can be broken if they are hurt by the truth. |
Ross’s Ethics | Duties of beneficence, self-improvement and justice could be subsumed under a single duty to promote intrinsic values | Always tell the truth..unless the situation tells you different. ‘playing along’ assessing the situation before acting. | You will be making good decisions because you are assessing the situation first, ie: ‘not stepping on toes’ smoothing things over | not always being honest, ie: bending the truth when the situation did not feel right |
Natural Law Ethics | Human beings possess intrinsic values that guide their behaviors. Right/wrong are inherent in people | Assuming that nature has a purpose. Ie: not correcting or guiding children to make right choices because we believe they will instinctively know. | Giving people room to grow and make their own choices. Believing in the good in everyone. | As humans we can make the wrong decisions at times and will have to deal with the consequences but could have make the right choice with guidance |
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